Абзац №2. мнение автора / personal opinion
В задании 40 предлагается написать 2–3 предложения в поддержку своего мнения. Мы предлагаем остановиться только на двух и хорошо их расписать. Простая фраза «Я думаю, что образование для подростков необходимо» не даст вам желаемого количества баллов (про все критерии оценки поговорим подробнее ниже).
Как бы обидно это ни звучало, экзаменатора ваше мнение на самом деле не интересует. Вы пришли на экзамен не для того, чтобы показать всем, как писать статью на английском, которую потом опубликуют в международном научном журнале. Главная задача учащегося — успешно расписать все пункты плана, поэтому защищайте ту позицию, для которой будет легче придумать доказательства.
Чтобы соединить аргументы и получить связный текст, используйте готовые фразы для сочинения по английскому:
- Мнение автора: «as for me» («что касается меня»), «I believe» («я верю»), «I consider that» («я считаю, что…»), «it seems to me that» («мне кажется, что…»), «in my opinion» («по моему мнению»);
- Аргумент 1: «to begin with» («начнем с того, что…»), «first» («прежде всего»), «first of all» («в первую очередь»);
- Аргумент 2: «besides» («кроме того»); «furthermore» («более того»); «what is more» («вдобавок»); «moreover» («сверх того»).
Тогда второй абзац может выглядеть следующим образом:
«In my opinion, if a teenager receives proper education they are more equipped for a life ahead of them. First, formal education provides youngsters with important life skills such as literacy and numeracy skills, as well as critical thinking. Without those, one can barely get through a day without a struggle.
Furthermore, it is inevitable that the younger generation will face situations in their adulthood when their rights are compromised. However, having received formal education, they will be able to recognise when it happens and ensure their rights are respected.»
Абзац №3. противоположная точка зрения / opposing opinion
В третьем абзаце ваша цель — рассказать о противоположной точке зрения и придумать для нее 1–2 доказательства. На данном этапе стоит подсчитать, сколько слов вы написали. Это необходимо, чтобы понять, сколько аргументов вы можете себе позволить в этом параграфе, чтобы уложиться в лимит слов. Важно помнить, что каждый аргумент из третьего параграфа вам надо будет опровергнуть в четвертом.
Мнение противоположной стороны:
- Some people believe it is better… (некоторые считают, что лучше…);
- Nevertheless, one can consider this problem from another angle (тем не менее на эту проблему можно посмотреть под другим углом);
- However, there exists another point of view on this issue (однако существует другая точка зрения на этот вопрос);
- There is another side to the issue/question of… (есть другая сторона этого вопроса…);
- There are people who have the opposing opinion (у некоторых людей противоположное мнение.
Аргумент 1: «first of all» (прежде всего), «the first thing to be considered is» (первая тема, о которой стоит поговорить…), «they say that» (люди считают, что…);
Аргумент 2: «another fact is that» (другой факт заключается в том, что…), «besides» (кроме того).
В итоге получается такой текст:
«There are people who have the opposing opinion. They say that teenagers will benefit more if they are allowed to follow their passion instead of being put through 11 years of formal school education. Indeed, if young people get to do what gives them satisfaction, they will live a more fulfilled life.»
Банк идей и аргументов в эссе (английский язык егэ) — articles
В этом разделе мы собрали аргументы, подкрепляющие идеи для самых популярных эссе по английскому языку ЕГЭ. Сосредоточение только на второй и третьей части сочинения поможет быстрее ознакомиться с возможными аргументами, поддерживающими вашу точку зрения. Очень часто ученик, даже хорошо владеющий языком, не может найти подходящие аргументы подкрепляющие его высказывания. Ознакомившись с нашими вариантами ответов, вы пополните свою «базу аргументов«, что облегчит написание второй части письменного задания С2.
Ответы составлены по определенной структуре «утверждение-пример«, что облегчает написание эссе. Чтобы не потерять фокус и полностью раскрыть тему сочинения, мы советуем, перед тем как вы приступите к сочинению, составить «пару» — суть сочинения и подумать о синонимах релевантных заданной теме.
Вербицкая М.В., 2022 год
Вербицкая М.В.
The weather affects the way people feel and behave. <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: affects – does not not
Синонимы: Influence / impact / effect / mood / act / behavior / feelings
мнение: In my opinion the weather has an affect on the way people feel and behave. 1. утверждение People are part of the environment and have a direct connection with it. примерFor example, rain influences people’s mood because they feel sad when it rains and everything around is gloomy. 2. утверждениеSecondly, clear sunny weather raises one’s mood. примерFor instance, when it is sunny people’s behaviour becomes more upbeat, kind, tolerant and gentle. Moreover, vitamin D that is absolutely necessary for people’s life can be only produced by exposure to sun light. |
Read by George William Dole
Digital literacy is the key to success in any occupation <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: the key – not important
Синонимы: essential / crucial / computer / skills / ignorance / profession
мнениеIn my opinion computer literacy is one of the most important skills one can have to be successful. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, computers have become an integral part of people’s life. Whatever a person does at work or at home they have to deal with digital technologies. примерFor example, people pay bills, order food on-line, or buy tickets by using different gadgets. 2. утверждениеSecondly, if a person wants to get a job, he or she has to fill in a form before being taken. примерFor instance, each form always has a question of one’s level of computer fluency. If a person writes that they have a low level of computer literacy, the chances of getting a job is low. |
Read by George William Dole
Education is the most important possession a person can have <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: Education- family
Синонимы: key to success / treasure / valuable thing / attribute
мнениеIn my opinion education is the most important attribute that characterizes a successful person. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, education is the key to success in life. пример For example, if someone has a good education, he or she usually gets a well-paid job that allows them to do a lot of interesting things. 2. утверждениеSecondly, those who have a good education gain respect in society. примерFor instance, professors or academies have a lot of respect. People listen to their lectures, taking their opinion as the truth. |
Read by George William Dole
One should read about historical sites before sightseeing <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: should – should not
Синонимы: Study / learn / important places
мнениеIn my opinion one should read about a place he or she wants to visit before going there. 1.утверждениеFirst of all, if a person reads something before visiting, they will remember the information better. пример For example, there is a saying, “revising is the mother of education.” 2. утверждение Secondly, one does not need a guide if people learn about the places they want to visit themselves. примерFor instance, a person can read everything by books or the Internet and then go to the place just to see what they want with their own eyes. It can save a lot of money for the traveler. |
Read by George William Dole
Creative hobbies help to cope with stress <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: yes, helps – does not help
Синонимы: Interesting / allow / interests / fight / handle
мнение In my opinion creative hobbies allow people to fight stress. 1. утверждение First of all, being immersed in a hobby lets a person forget about stress since stress and joy that arrives from a hobby are antagonists. примерFor example, if a person really likes embroidery, he or she is happy when they are doing it, which means there is no place for stress in their mind. 2. утверждение Secondly, hobbies are usually relaxing and I would say even therapeutic. пример For instance, it is a scientific fact that those who have hobbies live a longer and happier life. Joy that comes from such activity has a healing power. |
Read by George William Dole
Friendship is the greatest gift of life <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: friendship – money
Синонимы: Position / valuable thing
мнениеIn my opinion the most valuable thing in life one can have is friendship. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, friendship is a part of human nature. примерFor example, without it people feel lonely and sad. One needs to have someone to talk with, to be understood, to share their thoughts and ideas. 2. утверждениеSecondly, there is a saying, “a friend in need is a friend indeed”. пример. For instance, a true friend will always help in times of trouble, supporting his friends emotionally and practically. |
Read by George William Dole
Music is something that distracts people from daily routine <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: distracts – doesn’t distract
Синонимс: Melody / makes another focus / dull work / regular things
мнениеIn my opinion listening to music changes the focus of listeners from routine chores to the melody. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, being immersed in music, helps a person forget about daily routine since consciousness cannot be focused on two things at a time. примерFor example, if a person is listening to music and feels happy, he or she usually does not pay any attention to the regular things that they are doing. Such dull work is being done automatically. 2. утверждение Secondly, music is usually relaxing and I would say even therapeutic. пример For instance, it is a scientific fact that those who listen to music often live a longer life. Stress that might come from doing daily routines gets neutralized by positive emotions that arrive from listening to the music. |
Read by George William Dole
Following fashion trends is a waste of time and money <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: waste – is not waste
Синонимы: To be fashionable / killing time / slander money
мнениеIn my opinion if a person follows some modern trends they lose valuable things in life. 1.утверждение First of all, it takes a lot of time and energy. примерFor example, such people go to different beauty salons and read a lot of fashion magazines. 2.утверждениеSecondly, it takes a lot of money to keep yourself looking nice. примерFor instance, good perfume and clothes cost a fortunate nowadays. Moreover, It is also a never ending process because fashion changes frequently. |
Read by George William Dole
An early choice of a career path is the key to success <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: the earlier the better – the later the better
Синонимы: Major / specialty / efficiently / effectively / bachelor’s degree / related field
мнениеIn my opinion the earlier one choses his or her career the better chances to success they have. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, early chosen career gives one an opportunity to get more experience. примерFor example, a lot of computer program writers started programming when they were about 7 years old. By the age of twenty two they have much experience behind them. 2. утверждение Secondly, choosing a career path early allows one to focus their education directly on their career specialty. примерFor example, those aspiring to go into the field of biotech can begin their career training by earning a bachelor’s degree in biological science or a related field, including chemistry, molecular biology, or biochemistry. Moreover, it also helps one utilize their school time more efficiently. |
Read by George William Dole
It’s better to read a book rather than watch its screen version <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: read books – movies
Синонимы: Film / movie / imagination / perception
мнениеIn my opinion reading a book is more informative than watching a movie. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, when a person reads a book, he or she learns more details. примерFor example, an author describes a tower and spends a few pages to say about its story. In the movie it is often just shown for a few seconds. 2.утверждениеSecondly, it is a scientific fact that reading develops imagination. примерFor example, a person imagines everything they read in their own way. When people watch a movie, they see the movie director’s perception. |
Read by George William Dole
A person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily work as an interpreter <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: can work – can not work
Синонимы: Bilingual / good at
мнениеI do not think that a person who speaks a few fluent languages can be an interpreter. 1.утверждениеFirst of all, interpreting and speaking are different skills. примерFor example, even bilinguals, people who speak two languages from their birth, study interpreting for a few years in an university to do it properly. 2.утверждениеSecondly, one should love interpreting to work as an interpreter. примерFor instance, interpreters usually work in pairs and change each other every twenty minutes. It is all because the pressure on the nervous system of an interpreter is compered with a pilot of a super jet. |
Read by George William Dole
Some people think that Russian is easier to learn than English <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: Russian is easier – English is easier
Синонимы: Endings / prefixes / pronouns
мнениеIn my opinion Russian is more difficult than English. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, Russian language has changing endings. примерFor example, according to its pronouns the endings of adjectives change, which means a learner has to remember a lot of cases. In English they remain the same, she is clever, they are clever etc. 2.утверждениеSecondly, Russian has many more prefixes than English. примерFor instance, almost for each verb one can add a few different prefixes that changes the meaning of the verb slightly or strongly. Moreover, there are not really strict and logical rules in using these prefixes and endings. |
Read by George William Dole
Clothes people are wearing can influence their behavior <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: influences – doesn’t influence
Синонимы: Impact / way to behave
мнениеIn my opinion people’s clothes really impact the way they behave. 1.утверждение First of all, nowadays clothes have become a part of people’s image and a way of behavior. примерFor example, people of different occupations dress differently. A person in a suit of policeman cannot act as a person wearing a sport suit. 2. утверждение Secondly, by changing clothes, a person can change their lives. пример It is a scientific fact that people are conditioned by many things, like food, cars, social status and clothes have the strongest position in this list. For instance, wearing aristocrat’s or businessmen clothes people try to act accordingly to match this image. |
Read by George William Dole
High school students should study only the subjects they choose <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: subjects they choose – compulsory subjects
Синонимы: Learn / major / specialty / efficiency
мнениеIn my opinion students at the final grades ought to study the subjects they consider most useful. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, students usually know what they want to be even in Primary School and should learn the subjects accordingly. примерFor example, the subjects that are connected to their future specialty should be given special emphasis. 2. утверждениеSecondly, if a person chooses the subject, he or she will study it better. примерFor example, it is a scientific factthat anything that is studied with pleasure leaves stronger impressions in memory. The efficiency of such studying is much higher than if a person is forced to study something they do not like. |
Read by George William Dole
Every city and every town should have a zoo <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: should – should not
Синонимы: Entertainment / protect / extinct
мнениеIn my opinion it would be great if there was a zoo in each town. 1.утверждениеFirst of all, zoos are a wonderful entertainment for children. примерFor example, when a family goes to the zoo children feel really excited. They spend hours of walking around, eating ice cream and feeding some animals. 2. утверждениеSecond, zoos really are educational for children, as well as adults. примерFor example, children see new animals and learn information about them, broadening their minds. This way of learning is much more efficient than learning about animals by books. |
Read by George William Dole
Childhood is the safest period of human life <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: safest – dangerous
Синонимы: Babyhood / infancy / protect / take care
мнениеIn my opinion childhood is the safest period of one’s life. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, parents protect children from all troubles they can get into. примерFor example, parents feed their children and watch them all the time to make sure nothing bad happens to them. 2. утверждениеSecondly, society gives children many rights. примерFor instance, if a child is being mistreated by someone society interferes and makes sure it does not happen again. Moreover, I believe that it is a part of human nature to treat children with care and love. |
Read by George William Dole
Internet is the greatest time-waster <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: time waste – educational
Синонимы: Time killer / time consumer / time saver
мнениеIn my opinion the Internet is the greatest time saver people ever invented. 1.утверждениеFirst of all, the Internet allows people to search important information they need really fast. примерFor example, if a person has any question, he or she goes to ask it in the Internet and get an answer right away. People do not have to go to libraries anymore. 2.утверждениеSecondly, nowadays the Internet is really educational in terms of lot of people study different subjects distantly. примерFor instance, there are many webinars that teach students mathematics, biology and other academic subjects. They do not need to waste a lot of time going somewhere to take lessons. |
Read by George William Dole
The circus is the best entertainment for children <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: circus – movies
Синонимы: Kids / entertaining /
мнениеIn my opinion the circus is the most educational and entertaining pastime for children. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, the circus leaves unforgettable impressions in children’s memories. примерFor example, a lot of children still remember some performances from a very young age. 2.утверждениеSecondly, circus performances are interactive. примерFor instance, children often take part in the performance when the clowns or the host go through the aisles and talk with people. Moreover, children also can see different animals and learn new information about them. |
Read by George William Dole
Exams motivate students to study harder <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: motivate – do not motivate
Синонимы: Tests / inspire/ better / more seriously
мнениеIn my opinion exams make students treat the subject they study more seriously and learn it better. 1. утверждениеFirst of all, any test motivates a person to learn the subject better since the result will be graded. примерFor example, one listens to some information and forgets it right away since they do not know if they need it in their future life. On the other hand, when students know that this information will be tested, they memorize it much better. 2. утверждениеSecondly, the grades students get at exams characterize their level of preparation and ultimately give them a lot of advantages, if their marks are high. примерFor instance, if a person has what we call “Red Diploma”, they enter a university without exams. Moreover, good marks are always pleasant to get. |
Read by George William Dole
It’s easier to make friends than to keep them <<<< всё сочинение
Пара: motivate – do not motivate
Синонимы: Make / harder / more difficult /
мнениеIn my opinion it is easier to make new friends than to have good relationship with the old ones. 1.утверждениеFirst of all, making new friends takes less time. примерFor example, one can go to a cluband make a lot of new friends in a few hours. 2. утверждениеSecondly, it is easier to impress people when a person just meets them the first time. примерFor instance, people tend to show good qualities in the beginning of any relationship. They are always polite, they smile and are always ready to help. |
Read by George William Dole
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Is Coronavirus (COVID-19) really a problem or just Mass-media noise?
Пара:
Синонимы:
мнение I think that COVID-19 is a real danger to society. утверждение First of all, COVID-19 works differently compared to previous major viruses. пример For example, it enters deep into human cells and the immune system notices it too late to fight off successfully. утверждение Secondly, the virus has quickly caused a Pandemic, “a world epidemic”, that has not happened with other viruses for over a 100 years. пример For instance, after only 2 months it is hard to find a country that has not yet been infected with COVID-19. Moreover, it has already caused a huge economic collapse in a lot of countries. |
Read by Neil Geitz
A Difficult life situation is an opportunity to learn something or cruel fate?
Пара:
Синонимы:
мнение In my opinion, any times of trouble can teach a person a lot of new and important things. утверждение First of all, when problems appear, a person has to leave his or her comfort zone and start thinking and acting in another way to solve the situation. пример For example, John Rockefeller’s fiancée left him because he did not have enough money. We all know what happened then. утверждение Secondly, having gotten into trouble, a person starts thinking differently. пример For instance, after being kicked out of Apple Inc., Steve Jobs became more content with his life and more open, thereby happier. |
Read by Neil Geitz
Some people think that to get a good education one should go abroad.
Пара:
Синонимы:
мнение: In my opinion, one can get an excellent education in his or her own country. утверждение First of all, studying in a native country is cheaper. пример For example, in order to obtain the same skills and proficiency a person will spend much less money comparing with studying abroad. утверждение Secondly, if a person goes somewhere to study, their learning efficiency drops. пример For instance, any new culture takes a lot of time to get used to it. As a result students lose their focus and the quality of education falls down. |
Read by Neil Geitz
Winter sports are the best way to develop stamina.
Пара:
Синонимы:
мнение: In my opinion, winter sports improve people’s stamina best of all. утверждение First of all, the main winter sports such as cross country skiing; downhill skiing, and ice-skating require monotonous repetition of the same physical motions, which is the best way to strengthen endurance. пример For example, when one skis, he or she puts on skis, takes two ski sticks moves forward for hours. утверждение Secondly, it is a scientific factthat human the body develops endurance better in winter. пример For instance, the same Scandinavian skiing movements during summer time give worse results, although the type of motions a sportsman does is essentially the same. |
мнение: In my opinion, summer sports improve people’s stamina best. утверждение First of all, the main summer sports such as football require fast running and a lot of acceleration. пример For example, when a person plays football he or she has to run really fast which sometimes they do a lot of times during a match. утверждение Secondly, summer time is usually hot and it increases the pressure on people’s endurance, consequently developing it. пример For instance, if a person runs fast when it is over 30 degrees Centigrade, his or her body can endure extremely detrimental pressure. |
Read by George William Dole
An interesting plot is the main factor to contribute to a good movie.
Пара:
Синонимы:
мнение: In my opinion, an exciting plot is the most important contribution to any good, and interesting movie. утверждение First of all, good plots grip one’s attention and keep it during the entire film. пример For example, when a person cannot guess what is going to happen next then he or she watches the movie with increased interest and attention. утверждение Secondly, gripping scenarios make a movie highly unpredictable. пример For instance, Nikita Mikhalkov’s movie “12” is noticeably difficult to predict therefore it keeps people’s attention really well. |
Read by Neil Geitz
Studying online is more interesting than studying at school.
Пара:
Синонимы:
мнение: In my opinion, studying at school is the most interesting way to get a good education. утверждение First of all, there are a lot of classmateswho make the process of education really exciting. пример For example, when a person studies something in an environment of supportive company the interest increases due to student teamwork. утверждение Secondly, the contact between students and teachers is better. пример For instance, teachers can better see if students learn something or not when they see students face to face. Consequently, teachers can explain course materials most interestingly in a physical classroom. |
мнение: In my opinion, studying on-line is the most interesting way to get a good education. утверждение First of all, there are a lot of interesting e-books and educational materials on the Internet. пример For example, one can learn information from different sourses that actually increases efficiency of the learning process. утверждение Secondly, a person can choose convenient times when he or she needs to do studying and not waste time traveling to and from school. Moreover, people can choose a comfortable place to study which helps them focus. |
Read by Neil Geitz
Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills.
Пара:
Синонимы:
мнение: In my opinion, if one communicates mainly online, he or she will lose their abilities to interact in real-life. утверждение First of all, when people communicate face-to-face they get a lot of nonverbal information. пример For example, when talking with a real person, people unconsciously notice many things by gestures, which is a good skill that requires special development. утверждение Secondly, talking to a real person makes people be more polite. пример For instance, many people allow themselves to be really rude when they communicate online. They offend others without being afraid of suffering any consequences of it right away. |
мнение: In my opinion, communication online is as real as offline and communication on the Internet does not reduce abilities to interact in real-life. утверждение First of all, when people communicate on the Internet they share the same ideas and emotions as in real-life. пример For example, when talking with a person on Skype, people laugh, rejoice, and experience the same emotions. утверждение Secondly, after developing a good friendship online in the beginning, when people meet each other in real-life they continue communicating with the same pleasure. |
Read by George William Dole
Еще больше тем для эссе (задание 40 письменной части егэ):
The future of education – books or computers?
Lots of teens believe it’s important to look nice. However, adults often think that young people pay too much attention to their appearance and fashion.
Lots of people enjoy celebrating holidays. However, for some people a holiday is just a day off.
Lots of teenager are keen on playing computer games. However, adults are sure that computer games teach us nothing and young people should avoid them.
Some people enjoy living in big cities whereas others find such a lifestyle really harmful.
Extreme sports have taken off in a big way over the last twenty years. However quite a few people object to these dangerous sports, highlighting the risk of accident.
In recent years, tourism has really taken off. However, many people think that tourism ruins everything it touches.
Lots of people enjoy different sports. However, there are people who think that sport is not really useful.
Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art whereas others consider it to be pure vandalism.
Lots of people would like to have one language on our planet. However, scientists think that having only one language is a disaster.
Only people who earn a lot of money are successful.
Travel broadens the mind.
Today some scientists claim that cloning experiments should not be subject to government scrutiny.
Fast food is very popular among teenagers. However, many experts consider fast food harmful to our health.
Some teenagers dream of becoming rich whereas others consider it to be rather dangerous.
It is believed that young people today are not as healthy as they were fifty years ago.
Some people believe that modern teenagers are really awful. However, most teenagers think that they are criticized for no reason.
Exams are a fair way of testing students.
The internet has become one of the most popular ways of communication. However, is it really as good as it seems to be?
Some teenagers would like to have a highly paid job; others believe that their future job should be interesting and bring satisfaction.
Some people are sure that sending to prison is the only way to punish criminals. However, a lot of people believe there are far more effective punishments for criminals than prison.
It is common practice to study a foreign language at school in our country. However, many people think that the best way to learn it is to speak with native speakers.
Is it fair to keep animals in zoos?
Some families have an only child; others choose to have two, three or more children.
TV viewing is one of the most popular leisure pastimes among children. However, many parents believe that their children watch too much TV.
Новые правила (2022 года) написания эссе егэ по английскому языку
Данная статья описывает правила и принципы написания эссе нового формата (2022 года) по английскому языку. Даются практические рекомендации по выполнению данного задания, а также разбираются типичные ошибки, встречающиеся при написании сочинения с элементами рассуждения. Приводится пошаговое руководство и рекомендации для тех, кто хочет получить за задание высший бал. Ознакомьтесь с «Базой эссе 2022 по английскому языку ЕГЭ – 120 сочинений».
Для чего надо учиться писать сочинения на английском языке?
Умение писать сочинения и логически рассуждать на заданные темы, является хорошим и универсальным навыком, который поможет Вам успешно сдать ЕГЭ по английскому и русскому языку. Также Вы сможете применить этот навык при сдаче международных экзаменов, таких как TOELF, IELTS, FCE и т.д.
Чтобы написать хорошее сочинение по английскому языку надо обладать более глубоким уровнем владения языком, чем требуется для написания письма другу. Также, необходимо быть сведущим во многих мировоззренческих вопросах. Из-за недостатка подобного опыта, ученикам сложно раскрыть тему сочинений даже на русском, что уж говорить об английском. Мы Вам предлагаем прочитать и прослушать 120 ЕГЭ сочинений, написанных на различные темы и озвученные носителем языка Джоржем Долом и Нилом Гейтцем. Мы также предлагаем Вам способ их анализа и заучивания, создания своей личной базы данных, где на любые темы у Вас уже будет готов ответ или его будет легко синтезировать.
Какова структура статьи ?
1. Структура эссэ
2. Рекомендации к выполнению задания 40 (12 рекомендаций с примерами)
3. Типичные ошибки, встречающиеся при написании сочинения с элементами рассуждения (26 ошибок по 5 критериям)
Каковы критерии оценки сочинения ЕГЭ по английскому языку?
Максимальное количество баллов, которые Вы можете набрать за сочинение – 14 баллов.
Ваше эссе должно содержать 200 – 250 слова плюс минус 10%. Что означает 180 – 275 слова.
А что будет, если написать больше?
Проверяющий отсчитает 275 слов, остальное проверять не будет.
Как подсчитать слова ?
Считаются все слова, включая артикли, вспомогательные глаголы, частицы. Если это личное письмо, то адрес, дата и подпись тоже считается, именованные числительные считаются как одно слово.
Какова цель написания эссе ?
Цель написания сочинения по английскому языку – это показать, что Вы умеете аналитически мыслить и рассуждать на различные темы, а также владеете лексикой и грамматикой, необходимой для достижения поставленных задач.
Чтобы лучше подготовиться к сочинению, мы рекомендуем Вам проработать каждый из его разделов см. структуру сочинения.
С чего начать ?
Начало является одним из самых сложных моментов в написании сочинений. Психологический страх не даёт сесть за стол или компьютер и начать рассуждать на предложенную тему.
Иногда пугает сама тема сочинения. Прочитав её, Вы думаете: «О боже, что я могу сказать по этому поводу? Я бы даже на русском ничего не написал!».
Не пытайтесь написать сначала сочинение в уме, затем записать его на бумагу или в компьютер. Так Вы никогда не начнёте.
Начните писать с «ерунды». Записывайте первые мысли, которые придут Вам в голову, не стесняйтесь быть смешными. Постепенно Ваш ум настроится на нужную волну и все пойдёт быстрее и красивее. Слово за слово и Вы полностью справитесь с задачей.
Как лучше писать сочинение: на бумаге или печатать на компьютере ?
Лучше готовиться в том же формате, в котором у Вас будет экзамен. Если Вы будете писать письмо ручкой на листе бумаги, то лучше так и готовиться. Если Вам предстоит печатать его на компьютере, то тогда практиковаться лучше также на компьютере. Ручка и клавиатура имеют свою моторную память, поэтому готовиться лучше в формате экзамена.
Какова структура Эссе ?
Часть 1. make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;
Часть 2. select and report 2–3 main features;
Часть 3. make 1–2 comparisons where relevant;
Часть 4. outline a problem that can arise with the insufficient physical activity in adolescents and suggest the way of solving it;
Часть 5. draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the role of sport in the life of teenagers.
И соответственно:
— сделайте вступительное заявление по теме работы по проекту;
— выбирите и сообщите о 2–3 основных моментах;
— при необходимости приведите 1-2 сравнения;
— обозначьте проблему, которая может возникнуть при недостаточной физической активности у подростков, и предложите способ ее решения с возможным эффектом;
— сделайте вывод, высказав свое личное мнение о роли спорта в жизни подростков.
Разберём написание письма на конкретном примере
Imagine that you are doing a project on what teenagers do in their free time. You have collected some data on the subject (see the diagram below).
Comment on the data in the diagram and give your personal opinion on
the subject of the project.
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
– make an opening statement on the subject of the project work;
– select and report 2–3 main features;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant;
– outline a problem that can arise with the insufficient physical activity in adolescents and suggest the way of solving it;
– draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the role of sport in the life of teenagers.
1. Абзац — Вступление.
Начать написание эссе лучше с обозначения проблемы. Это будет маячком, на который надо будет ориентироваться во время написания всего сочинения. В противном случае, есть опасность отклониться в сторону, тем самым получив нулевой бал.
Желтым маркером выделены предложения – клише, которые по нашему мнению, подойдут к большинству предлагаемых сочинений. В этом вы можете убедиться пролистав следующие 20 типовых эссе 2022 года.
What teenagers do in their free time in Zetland?
Начнем с трех предложений вводящих в тему:
1. Вводное предложение – тенденции в настоящий момент
2. Перифраз – цель проекта, только другими словами
3. Разъяснение – т.е. то, что вы собираетесь делать
Итак, посмотрим, что у нас получилось.
– make an opening statement on the subject of the project work; | ||
1 | (вводное предложение) | It goes without saying that leisure time is becoming more and more popular nowadays. |
2 | (перифраз) | The purpose of my project is to study popular free time activities that teenagers do in Zetland. |
3 | (разъяснение) | I have found some relevant data on what teenagers do in their spare time and I am going to use them in my project. |
2. Абзац — выбирите и сообщите о 2–3 основных моментах;
В этом абзаце Вам необходимо описать основные моменты изображенные на диаграмме, как бы поразмышляв о них вслух. Здесь Вы можете использовать Linking Words – слова связки, делающие Вашу речь более изящной, логически связанной и точной.
ВАЖНО! Не сравнивать, а просто описать.
1. Вводное предложение – перефраз темы
2. Возьмите самое большое значение и опишите его – majority
3. Возьмите следующее по величине значение и опишите его
4. Подтвердите его конкретной величиной — %
5. Удивитесь чему то, взяв самое маленькое значение – surprisingly
6. Подтвердите величиной — %
– select and report 2–3 main facts; | ||
1 | (вводное предложение) | The information provided in the pie chart is about leisure activities that teenagers participate in Zetland. |
2 | (1-е предложение — инфо. из таблицы) | As it is evident from the pie chart, the majority of adolescents, accounting for more than one third, surf the Internet. |
3 | (2-е предложение — инфо. из таблицы) | The next popular activity is playing computer games. |
4 | (подтверждение — инфо. из таблицы) | The figure is 21%. |
5 | (удивление — самое маленькое значение) | Surprisingly, just few teenagers do sports. |
6 | (подтверждение — инфо. из таблицы) | The figure stands at 9%. |
Подобный паттерн облегчит вам задачу, направив ваши мысли в нужное русло. Чтобы лучше запомнить нужные слова-связки, вы можете подучить их на нашем тренажере.
Read by Neil Geitz
3. Абзац — при необходимости приведите 1-2 сравнения;
Здесь Вам необходимо сравнить показания диаграммы между сособой и поразмышлять от них вслух.
Мы рекомендуем Вам следовать следующей схеме:
1. Comparing the data given in the … — Сравнивая данные указанные в …
2. in contrast — в отличие от этого, для сравнения, напротив
3. in spite of — не смотря на
4. in comparison with — в сравнении с, по сравнению с
5. unlike — в отличие от
6. however — однако
7. yet — в то же время, при этом, с другой стороны, впрочем,
8. still — при этом
Другие слова связки для написания сочинений.
1. Вводное предложение со сравнением
2. Второе сравнение
3. Подтверждение в числовом значении — %
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant; | ||
1 | (вводное предложение сравнительная конструкция) | Comparing the data given in the pie chart, it becomes obvious that almost three times more teenagers surf the Internet than those engaged in sports. |
2 | (второе предложение сравнительная конструкция) | Hanging out with friends seems less popular than chatting on social networks. |
3 | (подтверждение — инфо. из таблицы) | The figures are 14% and 19% accordingly. |
4. Абзац — обозначьте проблему, которая может возникнуть при недостаточной физической активности у подростков, и предложите пути ее решения;
В этом абзаце необходимо описать проблему и подтвердить свое мнение, написав почему вы так думаете.
1. Вводное предложение – основная идея
2. Вводное предложение по проблеме – some problems can arise
3. Обозначение проблемы – obesity.
4. Объяснение почему это проблема – because, since и т.д.
5. Предложите решение проблемы
6. Напишите о возможном эффекте – thus …
– outline a problem that can arise with PCs and suggest the way of solving it; | ||
1 | (вводное предложение обобщение) | The pie chart clearly illustrates that adolescents mostly spend their pastime on sedentary activities. |
2 | (вводное предложение) | However, some problems can arise with the insufficient physical activity. |
3 | (сама проблема) | One of them is obesity. |
4 | (почему это является проблемой) | It is a serious problem since obese people not only look unattractive but also they suffer from a number of diseases such as diabetes, heart attacks, asthma, to name a few. |
5 | (решение проблемы) | One of the probable solutions to the problem is organizing free recreation centers for youngsters where they can do sports that appeal to them. |
6 | (возможный эффект) | Thus, free admission and a good range of sports activities would certainly attract adolescents. |
5. Абзац – сделайте вывод, высказав свое личное мнение о роли спорта в жизни подростков.
1. Вводное предложение – общий вывод
2. Пояснение почему вы так думаете
3. Максимально все обобщить
– draw a conclusion giving your personal opinion on the role of public transport in modern life. | ||
1 | (общая фраза) | Having analyzed the data in the pie chart, it can be concluded that sedentary activities are in priority with adolescents. |
2 | См. задание! (дать пояснение почему я так думаю) | In my opinion, sport plays a notable role in teenagers’ life because exercise involved in most sports improves teenagers’ emotional balance, reduces heart disease and diabetes, among other health benefits. |
3 | (обобщение) | All in all, teens should lead a more active life. |
Здесь вы можете ознакомиться с банком выводов. Мы рекомендуем сосредотачиваться на проработке каждой части сочинения отдельно, проходя через множество выводов. Это настраивает ум на определенную задачу и ученик быстро приобретает способность подводить любую тему под заданные шаблоны.
Подписывайтесь в нашу «ШКОЛУ СОЧИНЕНИЙ» где вы последовательно получите 5 сочинений и наши рабочие «клише» и рекомендации, овладев которыми, вы сможете писать сочинения на хороший балл.
Подведём итоги на примере этого сочинения:
It goes without saying that leisure time is becoming more and more popular nowadays.The purpose of my project is to study popular free time activities that teenagers in Zetland do.I have found some relevant data on what teenagers do in their spare time and I am going to use them in my project.
The information provided in the pie chart is about leisure activities that teenagers participate in Zetland. As it is evident from the pie chart, the majority of adolescents, accounting for more than one third, surf the Internet. The next popular activity is playing computer games. The figure is 21%. Surprisingly, just few teenagers do sports.The figure stands at 9%.
Comparing the data given in the pie chart, it becomes obvious that almost three times moreteenagers surf the Internet than those engaged in sports. Hanging out with friends seems lesspopular than chatting on social networks.The figures are14% and 19% accordingly.
The pie chart clearly illustrates that adolescents mostly spend their pastime on sedentary activities. However, some problems can arise with the insufficient physical activity.One of them is obesity. It is a serious problem since obese people not only look unattractive but also they suffer from a number of diseases such as diabetes, heart attacks, asthma, to name a few. One of the probable solutions to the problem is organizing free recreation centers for youngsters where they can do sports that appeal to them. Thus, free admission and a good range of sports activities would certainly attract adolescents.
Having analyzed the data in the pie chart, it can be concluded that sedentary activities are in priority with adolescents. In my opinion, sport plays a notable role in teenagers’ life because exercise involved in most sports improves teenagers’ emotional balance, reduces heart disease and diabetes, among other health benefits. All in all, teens should lead a more active life.
Read by Neil Geitz
1. В отличие от письма, Вам не следует использовать сокращения и начинать предложения со слов and, but или also:
1. isn’t – is not 2. don’t – do not 3. shouldn’t — should not |
2. Старайтесь не использовать сленговые слова и выражения, а также вводные слова (well, you know и т.д.) характерные для неформального стиля.
1. bunch of people – a lot of people 2. stuff – thing 3. well 4. your know |
Скобки и восклицательные знаки [ (), !] — свойственны неформальному стилю письма.
3. Не критикуйте сильно противоположное мнение. Относитесь к нему с уважением.
1. I am sure that people who think like that are total idiots. 2. I think that people who think like that are not right. 3. Only bloody dummies can support this opinion. 4. People who do not have enough information can support this opinion. |
4. Придерживайтесь одних и тех же местоимений в связанных между собой предложениях.
1. When a person reads books he or she memorizes the information better. OneThey can touch the book and it feels substantial. |
5. Не копируйте свой родной язык. Подумайте, как эти мысли можно выразить на английском.
1. I was standing in a line. 2. I was waiting in a line. 3. Is this chair busy? 4. Is this chair taken? |
6. Чётко придерживайтесь темы сочинения. Не уходите в нигилизм.
Предположим, что тема Вашего сочинения: «The future of education – books or computers?»
1. Our education does not have any future! We have lost it forever! 2. Some people think that the future of our education are computers, whereas others think it is books. |
7. Используйте формальный стиль письма. Страдательный залог поможет Вам в этом.
1. It is said that 2. It is argued that 3. It is claimed that 4. It would be easy for people to |
8. Избегайтеповторенияназванияпредложенногоэссе в первой части. Максимальноегоперефразируйте.
1.Some people think that it is better to make a present themselves than to buy it. 2. Some people prefer making presents themselves, whereas others like to buy them. |
9. Соблюдайте абзацы по форме и содержанию.
Каждый пункт сочинения оформляется в смысловые абзацы в соответствии с предложенным в задании планом, всего 5 абзацев.
1. Сформулируйте проблему не повторяя тему сочинения. Перефразируйте её как бы поясняя человеку о чем речь.
2. Выразите свое мнение, подкрепив его 2-3 аргументами.
3. Выразите противоположную точку зрения, подкрепив её 1-2 аргументами.
4. Выразите свое несогласие с противоположной точной зрения приведя 1-2 контраргумента.
5. Сделайте обобщающий вывод по всему сказанному с учетом противоположной точки зрения.
Некоторые студенты начинают критиковать оппонента во втором абзаце, когда должны там выразить свое мнение. Это является ошибкой.
10. Избегайте слишком простых предложений. Обьединяйте их в сложные используя логические средства связи. Помните о связи абзацев.
Сочинение должно читаться как единый законченный рассказ. Поэтому убедитесь, что Ваши абзацы связанны между собой. Разбейте заученные вами Linking—Words – слова связки по их функциям и посмотрите как можно их использовать в написании сочинения.
1. Обьединяйте простые предложения в сложные:
|
2. Подтверждайте Вашу точку зрения:
|
3. Дополняйте Вашу информацию:
|
4. Противопоставляйте и сравнивайте:
|
5. Делайте вывод:
|
11. Конечная проверка.
Мы рекомендуем Вам написать сочинение сразу после аудирования, чтобы у Вас было время его тщательно проверить. Напишите его на черновике и оставьте в стороне, пока Вы выполняете другие задания. Перечитав его через час, Вы заметите некоторые ошибки и неточности, которые были допущены во время письма. Для многих студентов является сложной задачей помнить о грамматических правилах, артиклях, предлогах и одновременно рассуждать на заданную тему записывая свои рассуждения.
Если Вы практикуетесь дома, то можете начитать написанное на диктофон, а потом прослушать самого себя. Таким образом, Вы сможете услышать многие ошибки, которые допустили и сами их поправить.
Если Вы тренируетесь писать эссе на компьютере, то с помощью программы озвучивания текста, Вы можете прослушать написанное ещё раз, проверив правильность и логичность Ваших рассуждений.
Типичные ошибки встречающиеся при написании сочинения с элементами рассуждения
