Эссе по английскому ЕГЭ: клише, шаблон и примеры

ЕГЭ

Абзац №2. мнение автора / personal opinion

В задании 40 предлагается написать 2–3 предложения в поддержку своего мнения. Мы предлагаем остановиться только на двух и хорошо их расписать. Простая фраза «Я думаю, что образование для подростков необходимо» не даст вам желаемого количества баллов (про все критерии оценки поговорим подробнее ниже).

Как бы обидно это ни звучало, экзаменатора ваше мнение на самом деле не интересует. Вы пришли на экзамен не для того, чтобы показать всем, как писать статью на английском, которую потом опубликуют в международном научном журнале. Главная задача учащегося — успешно расписать все пункты плана, поэтому защищайте ту позицию, для которой будет легче придумать доказательства.

Чтобы соединить аргументы и получить связный текст, используйте готовые фразы для сочинения по английскому:

  1. Мнение автора: «as for me» («что касается меня»), «I believe» («я верю»), «I consider that» («я считаю, что…»), «it seems to me that» («мне кажется, что…»), «in my opinion» («по моему мнению»);
  2. Аргумент 1: «to begin with» («начнем с того, что…»), «first» («прежде всего»), «first of all» («в первую очередь»);
  3. Аргумент 2: «besides» («кроме того»); «furthermore» («более того»); «what is more» («вдобавок»); «moreover» («сверх того»).

Тогда второй абзац может выглядеть следующим образом:

«In my opinion, if a teenager receives proper education they are more equipped for a life ahead of them. First, formal education provides youngsters with important life skills such as literacy and numeracy skills, as well as critical thinking. Without those, one can barely get through a day without a struggle.

Furthermore, it is inevitable that the younger generation will face situations in their adulthood when their rights are compromised. However, having received formal education, they will be able to recognise when it happens and ensure their rights are respected.»

Абзац №3. противоположная точка зрения / opposing opinion

В третьем абзаце ваша цель — рассказать о противоположной точке зрения и придумать для нее 1–2 доказательства. На данном этапе стоит подсчитать, сколько слов вы написали. Это необходимо, чтобы понять, сколько аргументов вы можете себе позволить в этом параграфе, чтобы уложиться в лимит слов. Важно помнить, что каждый аргумент из третьего параграфа вам надо будет опровергнуть в четвертом.

Мнение противоположной стороны:

  • Some people believe it is better… (некоторые считают, что лучше…);
  • Nevertheless, one can consider this problem from another angle (тем не менее на эту проблему можно посмотреть под другим углом);
  • However, there exists another point of view on this issue (однако существует другая точка зрения на этот вопрос);
  • There is another side to the issue/question of… (есть другая сторона этого вопроса…);
  • There are people who have the opposing opinion  некоторых людей  противоположное мнение.

Аргумент 1: «first of all» (прежде всего), «the first thing to be considered is» (первая тема, о которой стоит поговорить…), «they say that» (люди считают, что…);

Аргумент 2: «another fact is that» (другой факт заключается в том, что…), «besides» (кроме того).

В итоге получается такой текст:

«There are people who have the opposing opinion. They say that teenagers will benefit more if they are allowed to follow their passion instead of being put through 11 years of formal school education. Indeed, if young people get to do what gives them satisfaction, they will live a more fulfilled life.»

Банк идей и аргументов в эссе (английский язык егэ) 3 — articles

Музланова Е.С., 2022 год
Музланова Е.С.
Музланова Е.С.

The future of education – books or computers. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: books – computers 

Синонимы: faster / easier / aficient / effective

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мнение: In my opinion the future of education is computers.

1. утверждение  First of all, computers have become a part of people’s daily life. пример For example, one can hardly find a sphere of interest where computers are not used. 2. утверждение  Secondly, it is easier and faster to work with information when it is in a digital form. пример For instance, on-line people can find some information they want almost instantly using a computer, while in a library it would take hours of research. 

Moreover, students also are using computers more and more for education. 

Read by George William Dole

Lots of teens believe that it’s important to look nice. However, adults often think that young people pay too much attention to their appearance and fashion. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: important – not important — natural 

Синонимы: time / energy / substantial / live up to / a fortunate / never ending process

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мнениеIn my opinion it is not very important to look nice. I would prefer to look natural.

1. утверждение First of all, it takes a lot of time and energy to look nice. примерFor example,  one has to spend substantial amounts of time to live up to some standards that other teens have created. 2. утверждение Secondly, it takes a lot of money to keep yourself looking nice. примерFor instance, good perfume and clothes cost a fortune nowadays.

Moreover, it is also a never ending process because fashion changes so quickly. 

Read by George William Dole

Lots of people enjoy celebrating holidays. However, for some people a holiday is just a day off. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара:  just a day off — a special day

Синонимы: to be worth doing / against / quality time / good mood

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мнениеIn my opinion holidays are special days that are worth celebrating.

1. утверждение  First of all, they are called holidays because something important happened on those days in the past. пример  For example, take Victory Day, May 9th. On that day everybody remembers those who died fighting against Nazis. 2. утверждение  Second, these are days when you can meet with your friends and have some quality time together. пример For instance, you can go to a park or movie and talk about mutual interests. 

Moreover, they also give you a feeling that today is a special day, which creates a good mood.  

Read by George William Dole

Lots of teenagers are keen on playing computer games. However adults are sure that computer games teach us nothing and young people should avoid them. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара:  bad – not bad

Синонимы: educational / master skills / develop / improve / get better / enhance 

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мнениеIn my opinion computer games are not as bad as some people may believe.

1. утверждение First of all, there are a lot of educational games that help people to study. пример For example, students can master many skills such as languages and mathematics while playing those games. 2. утверждение Second, there are games that develop one’s logical thinking. пример For instance they give students intellectual tasks and analyze their answers.

Moreover, those games also help students (to) relax after a hard school day.

Read by George William Dole

Some people enjoy living in big cities whereas others find such a lifestyle really harmful. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: exciting – harmful 

Синонимы: opportunities / entertainment / technological things / spread / megapolis / afford 

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мнениеIn my opinion living in big cities is exciting.

1. утверждение  First of all, big cities can offer a person a lot of opportunities for entertainment. пример For example, there are many of theaters, museums and interesting sights to see there.  2. утверждение  Second, all new technological things like computers, clothes, cars and so on first come to big cities and then spread to towns and villages.

Moreover, people also earn more money in megalopolises so they can afford to relax or travel more.

Read by George William Dole

Extreme sports have taken off in a big way over the last twenty years. However, quite a few people object to these dangerous sports, highlighting the risk of accident. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: risky – safe  

Синонимы: develop skills / diverse / reflexes / attention / fatal / route 

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мнениеIn my opinion extreme sports are quite safe. 

1. утверждение First of all, they help to develop particular skills to feel safe in diverse situations. пример For example, these particular skills are attention, good reflexes, balance and so on. 2. утверждение  Second, sports like car racing or jumping from huge cliffs takes a lot of preparation to not make a fatal mistake. пример For instance, before a car race a person studies the route really carefully and only after that do they drive that road. 

Moreover, if people follow all the instructions they are totally safe.

Read by George William Dole

In recent years tourism has really taken off. However, many people think that tourism ruins everything that it touches. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: ruins – doesn’t ruine 

Синонимс: dangerous / fix / damage / harm

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мнениеIn my opinion tourism is not as dangerous as it might seem.

1. утверждение First of all, tourists spend a lot of money in the places they visit. In some towns tourists even have to pay fees to enter. пример For example, all this money goes to develop the places and fix the damage caused by tourists. 2. утверждение  Second, tourists are as a rule cultured people that do not usually destroy everything around.  пример For instance, I do not believe that a tourist will see a beautiful sculpture and break it. 

Read by George William Dole

Lots of people enjoy different sports. However, there are those who think that sport is not really useful. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: waste – is not waste 

Синонимы: build up / sphere / self-esteem / properly / positive emotions

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мнениеIn my opinion sport is an extremely useful thing in people’s lives. 

1. утверждение First of all, sport builds up their character. пример For example, this quality can be used in different spheres of their life, like business, personal achievements, and level of self-esteem. 2. утверждение Second, sport is good for one’s health if they do it properly. пример For instance, he or she can save a lot of money and time on doctors as well as get a lot of positive emotions.

Read by George William Dole

Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art whereas others consider it to be pure vandalism. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: art — vandalism

Синонимы: artist / masterpiece / express themselves

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мнениеIn my opinion graffiti is another form of art.

1. утверждение First of all, it can look really beautiful if it is painted by a talented artist. пример For example some artists spend hours and hours working on their masterpieces. 2. утверждение Second, usually it is drawn on horribly looking walls which can not be made to look worse. пример For instance, there are a lot of awful walls in suburbs that really needs to be painted on with graffiti.  

Moreover, graffiti is also a way for many young people to express themselves.

Read by George William Dole

Lots of people would like to have one language on our planet. However, scientists think that having only one language is a disaster. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: good – bad 

Синонимы: reflect / traits / a pity / contain / features

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мнениеIn my opinion having one language would not be a really good idea.

1. утверждение First of all, every language reflects some traits of national characters that express it. It would be a pity to lose them. 2. утверждение  Secondsince different groups of people are different from each other they need different languages to express themselves. пример For instance, one language can not contain all national features of thousands of groups which all have some unique characteristics.

Moreover, having only one language would also be also boring.

Read by George William Dole

Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: successful – not successful 

Синонимы: definition / consider / list

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мнениеIn my opinion not only people who make a lot of money can be called successful.

1. утверждение First of all there are a lot of different definitions of success. пример For exampleI consider successful people those who have good health, loving family, reliable friends and then perhaps a lot of money. 2. утверждение  Second, I would also call happy people successful. пример For instanceif one asks a person who works hard to make a lot money, “Why are you doing it?”,  then the answer  is going to be, “To be happy.” So, all those listed above things are meant to make a person happy and by my perception successful.

Read by George William Dole

Travel broadens the mind. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: broadens – not broaden

Синонимы: saying / remember / nations / cultures 

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мнениеIn my opinion traveling is a great way to broaden one’s mind.

1. утверждение First of all, there is a saying, «It is better to see something one time than to hear about it one hundred times.» пример For example, everything a person sees during their travels leaves deep emotional impressions in his or her memory and remembers them better. 2. утверждение  Second, going somewhere else, people see other unfamiliar places, nations and cultures. пример For instance, if they go to Rome, they have no choice but learn something about Rome and try to understand Italy better.

Read by George William Dole

Today some scientists claim that cloning experiments should not be subject to government scrutiny. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: should be – shuld not be

Синонимы:control / careful examination /inspection /survey / consequences / cause / sufferings / moral / ethical

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мнениеIn my opinion cloning must be under government’s control.

1. утверждение First of all, it is difficult to predict the consequences of such experiments. пример For example, if cloning gets out of control it might cause bad things like horrible diseases, sufferings of cloned animals or people and so on. 2. утверждение Second, we should figure out the moral side of this process first. пример For instance, are people that would come from these experiments real humans?

Read by George William Dole

Fast food is very popular among teenagers. However, many experts consider fast food harmful. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: harmful – not harmful

Синонимы: dangerous / unhealthy / remain 

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мнениеIn my opinion fast food is not very harmful.

1. утверждение First of all, teenagers nowadays are very busy with plenty of homework from their studies. пример For example, it is better to eat something that is not really healthy than to remain hungry. 2. утверждение  Second, there are different kinds of fast foods and not all of them are unhealthy. пример For instance, one can have salads, desserts or bakery that are not fried in oil and feel pretty good after eating them.

Read by George William Dole

Some teenagers dream of becoming rich whereas others consider it to be rather dangerous. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: dangerous – not dangerous

Синонимы: opportunities / afford / luxuries / permit / costs / sponsor / donate

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мнениеIn my opinion there is nothing wrong with being wealthy.

1. утверждение  First of allhaving wealth offers a person many opportunities. пример For example, one can travel a lot or afford to have some luxuries. 2. утверждение Second, wealth permits a person to have freedom from certain worries. пример For instance, they do not need to worry about health care costs or the price of food. Being wealthy allows people also to be helpful to others.  Rich people, like Bill Gates, sponsor a lot of charitable projects.

Moreover, one can also invest their energy and time into health and education issues. 

Read by George William Dole

It is believed, that young people today are not as healthy as they were fifty years ago. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: healthy – not healthy 

Синонимы: disease / illness /sickness / physically strong / physical labor work / bad habits 

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мнениеIn my opinion today’s young generation is not as healthy as they were 50 years ago.

1. утверждение  First of all, the food has changed. пример For example, teens do not eat a lot of healthy foods anymore, which might cause various diseases. 2. утверждение Second, they are not as physically strong as they were before. пример For instance, during earlier times people spent more time in the open air, doing more physical labor work.

Moreover, many young people nowadays have bad habits like smoking or taking drugs.

Read by George William Dole

Some people believe that modern teenagers are really awful. However, modern teenagers think that they are criticized for no reason. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: good – bad

Синонимы: hardworking / home duties / take care / responsible / frivolous / well-behaviour

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мнениеIn my opinion teens nowadays are not that bad as they seem.

1. утверждение  First of all, they have a lot of lessons at school and plenty of homework so they are more hardworking than lazy. 2. утверждение  Secondly, many of them have a great deal of home duties because their parents work during the day. пример For instance, they have to take care of their younger brothers and sisters, which qualifies them as responsible but not irresponsible and frivolous.

In addition, the standards of politeness and goodbehavior have also changed. примерFor instance, many things that were considered rude 50 years ago are not rude today.

Read by George William Dole

Exams are a fair way of testing students. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: fair – not fair

Синонимы: grade / thoroughly prepare / since time immemorial / rate / knowledge / score / partial credit 

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мнениеIn my opinion exams are a good way of testing knowledge.

1. утверждение  First of all, to get a good grade one should thoroughly prepare  for exams and learn particular types of information. 2. утверждение Second, exams have been run since time immemorial to rate students’ knowledge. пример The reason for this is that the process itself is easy to organize and score, either a student knows the answer or they do not know it.

Moreover, a person might also know a part of the answer and get partial credit.

Read by George William Dole

The Internet has become one of the most popular ways of communication. However, is it really good as it seems to be? <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: good – bad

Синонимы: to be in touch / share / as real as / in person

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Read by George William Dole

Some teenagers would like to have a highly paid job; others believe that their future job should be interesting and bring satisfaction. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: well-paid – interesting

Синонимы: pleasure / feel good / positive thinking / 

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мнениеIn my opinion pleasure that one gets from their job is more important.

1. утверждение First of all, work takes a big part of a person’s life so it is important to feel good about doing this work. 2. утверждение  Secondly, if a person feels good for a long time, good things will happen to them. пример For instance, it is a scientific fact that positive thinking attracts positive situations. 

Moreover, being satisfied and feeling good, people will do their work much better.

Read by George William Dole

Some people are sure that sending to prison is the only way to punish criminals. However, a lot of people believe there are far more effective punishments for criminals than prison. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: good punishment – bad punishment

Синонимы: punishment / fix / educate / 

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мнениеIn my opinion there are far better punishments for criminals than prisons.

1. утверждение  First of all, people who are sent to prison for different crimes should not be kept togetherOtherwise, they will just improve their criminal skills. 2. утверждение Second, if a person made a mistake, he or she has to have a chance to fix it and prisons are not the best places for it. пример For instance, if a person committed a financial crime, he or she has to make money and pay back those who were cheated. 

Moreover, I also believe that criminals must be educated and shown other ways of getting what they want legally.

Read by George William Dole

It is common practice to study a foreign language at school in your own country. However, many people think that the best way to learn it to speak with native speakers. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: russian speaking teachers – natives

Синонимы: in one’s own language / particular / association / right approach 

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Read by George William Dole

Is it fair to keep animals in zoos? <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: fair – not fair

Синонимы:  stok / take care / vet / veterinarian / enemies / protected / safe / conditions / 

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мнениеPersonally, I think that there is nothing bad in keeping animals in zoos.

1. утверждение First of all, there are a lot of people in zoos who take care of the wild animals. пример  For example, there are many veterinarian doctors and medical workers who can help animals if they get sick. 2. утверждение  Secondly, in such places animals do not have natural enemies that can eat them. пример For instance, animals such as rabbits and deer feel more comfortable and protected there.

Moreover, the conditions of keeping animals are really good nowadays. They have everything they need to feel protected and safe.

Read by George William Dole

Some families have an only child; others choose to have two, three or even more children. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: one child – many children

Синонимы: raise / bring up / egocentric / well-knit 

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мнениеIn my opinion it is better to have many children.

1. утверждение First of all, it is easier to raise a few children than one. пример  For example, elder children can take care of the younger ones, making lives of their parents easier. 2. утверждение Second, children in big families are less egocentricпример For instance, taking care of others, they learn how to serve by using a positive meaning of this word.

Moreover, big families are more well-knit together than families with an only child.

Read by George William Dole

TV viewing is one of the most popular leisure pastimes among children. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: the most popular – not the most popular

Синонимы: popular / run a cartoon / chores / entertaiment / 

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мнениеIn my opinion watching television is really popular.

1. утверждение First of all, it is the easiest way for parents to have some rest. пример  For example, they just run a cartoon and go to do their chores2. утверждение Second, children like watching television. пример For instance, there are a lot of children entertainment programs nowadays.

Moreover, children also learn about new things through watching children channels.

Read by George William Dole

Most teachers believe that all subjects at school are equally useful. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: equally useful – not equally useful

Синонимы: subjects / specialty / inclination / objective / 

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мнениеIn my opinion all subjects cannot be equally useful.

1. утверждение First of all, students usually know what they want to be even in Primary School, which means the subjects that are connected to their future specialty are more useful. пример  For example, if a student has an inclination to technical subjects, he or she has to learn math, physics, geometry and so on. 2. утверждение  Secondly, the word “useful” cannot have an objective meaning. пример For instance, things that are useful for some people can be absolutely useless for others.

Read by George William Dole

Violence on TV and crime in society are clearly related. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: related – not related

Синонимы: brutality / direct / correlation / more difficult / commit 

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мнениеIn my opinion violence on television and crime have direct correlation.

1. утверждение  First of all, if a person watches a lot of movies with violence scenes they start thinking about it a lot.  пример  For example, it is a scientific fact that mental conceptions sooner or later turn into actions. 2. утверждение Secondly, there is a saying, “Similar attracts similar.” пример For instance, if one’s mind is merged with crime images, such a person might commit a crime in real life easier. 

Read by George William Dole

Lots of people believe that the invention of the car changed the world for the better. However, some people think that our world would be better without cars. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: good – bad

Синонимы: get around / comfortable / automotiles

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мнениеIn my opinion cars help people a lot.

1. утверждение  First of all, they make people’s life much more comfortable than it would be without them. пример  For example, a person can get around faster and do more important things. 2. утверждение Secondly, people can see their friends more often. пример For instance, a lot of people would like to see their friends more often but the reason why they do not see each other as often as they wonted is the distance between them, which is easily solved by cars.  

Moreover, cars also are not only automobiles, they include autobusestruckspublic transportation and so on, without which we could not live as comfortable as we do.

Read by George William Dole

Mobile telephones have become very popular nowadays. However, some people consider them dangerous. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: dangerous – not dangerous

Синонимы: invention / communicate / chat / talk / multifunctional / get rid of / gadgets  

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мнениеIn my opinion cell phones are a good and useful invention. 

1. утверждение First of all, they allow people to communicate with lots of people without leaving their homes.  пример  For example, one can Skype a friend who might be on the other side of the globe and chat with him or her for hours. 2. утверждение Secondnowadays cells have become multifunctionalwhich means they are used as photo cameras, memory storages, payment systems so on. Having a phone lets people get rid of many gadgets.

Read by George William Dole

Lots of teenagers want to work part-time to earn their pocket money. However, their parents are often against it. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: good – bad

Синонимы: value / estimate / for granted / appreciate / manage / grow up / fix / doubtful / fund / disaster

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мнениеIn my opinion it is not bad for teens to work and have some pocket money.

1. утверждение  First of all, those teenagers who work can understand the value of money. пример  For example, teens usually get everything they need from parents and take it for granted and the only way to appreciate it is to work. 2. утверждение  Secondly, one should learn how to manage their budget from a young age. Otherwise, when he or she grows up they might make some serious financial mistakes that will be difficult to fix. пример For instance, investing money in doubtful funds can lead to a complete financial disaster. 

Read by George William Dole

Honesty is the best policy. <<<< всё сочинение

Пара: the best – not the best

Синонимы: appreciate / respect / circumstances / weak / improve

pir 1

linking words 1

мнениеIn my opinion honesty is the best policy.

1. утверждение  First of all, people really appreciate honor in other people. пример  For example, if a person is honest others respect him or her and listen to them. 2. утверждение Secondly, honesty allows people to feel good and become better. пример For instance, being honest in all circumstances lets one find the weak sides of their character and work on them, thus improving them.   

Read by George William Dole

Время выполнения задания и объём

Требуемый объём эссе на ЕГЭ — 200–250 слов (слова считаются все до единого, включая артикли и предлоги). Это не значит, что если вы напишете 199 или 255 слов, вас незамедлительно казнят. Дело в том, что к указанному объёму с обеих сторон прилагаются поля в 10%, то есть на самом деле рамки составляют 180–275 слов.

Если вы напишете меньше 180 слов, ваше сочинение не будут проверять, и вы получите 0 баллов. Если вы напишете больше 275, то эксперт отчеркнёт первые 250 слов и проверит только их. Всё оставшееся за бортом проверяться и учитываться не будет, что неминуемо повлечёт за собой потерю баллов в содержании и организации. Оптимальный подход — забыть о дополнительных полях на время тренировок и учиться вписываться в 200–250. Если на экзамене вы от волнения обсчитаетесь в словах, поля вас спасут. А если вы будете закладываться на них заранее, то риск не вписаться в лимит возрастает.

На выполнение задания дается примерно час. Может получиться и больше, если вы быстро справитесь с первой половиной письменной части (письмо другу) и остальными разделами экзамена, но я рекомендую тренироваться укладываться именно в час. Этого времени вполне достаточно, чтобы написать план и черновик, а потом переписать работу начисто.

Итак, для получения максимального балла за сочинение на ЕГЭ мы должны в течение часа написать содержательную, хорошо организованную работу с минимумом ошибок. Попробуем сделать это, используя демонстрационное задание 2022 года.

Животные в зоопарке. как вы к этому относитесь. справедливо ли это

There are a lot of zoos in the world and millions of people visit them every year. But are zoos harmful or helpful to animals which are caged there?

I strongly believe that we should not keep animals in zoos because captivity is not natural for them and it is a constant stress to a wild animal. Keeping animals in zoos harms them by denying them freedom of movement and association. What is more, zoos are like prisons for animals as they live in small cages and do not get necessary food.

However, most people think that zoos help endangered species survive. But this is not true because most rare animals are extremely difficult to breed in captivity. Besides, in zoos, it is almost impossible to meet the animals’ natural needs. Another argument for keeping animals in zoos is that people learn something new about these animals.

In conclusion, I would argue that zoos do not seem to help endangered species and keeping animals behind bars only for the sake of our entertainment is not quite fair. In my opinion, people must create nature reserves, where wild animals will be able to live in their natural environment.

Иностранные языки. сейчас в школах изучают по 2-3 языка. за и против

Most people understand that without knowledge of foreign languages it is difficult to survive in the modern world. Therefore they send their children to schools where they can study two or even three foreign languages. However, is it good to study several languages simultaneously?

On the one hand, foreign languages are the main part of our culture so they help us to expand our outlook. We cannot broaden our minds if we see the world only from the perspective of our own culture. In addition, learning languages is a good exercise for the intellect.

Moreover, if pupils know at least one foreign language, they learn new languages much faster. On the other hand, many pupils find it confusing to learn two or three languages at a time, especially languages that are similar, because children usually mix up lots of words.

Besides, some languages are tricky enough to learn. For example, in English there are more exceptions than rules. In this case, children can be overloaded with homework. More than that, some pupils do not know their native language well and learning several foreign languages could prevent them from mastering their own language.

In conclusion, I want to say that learning languages is extremely beneficial and I would like to know different foreign languages. However, I believe children should not learn too many languages at the same time so as not to get confused. They ought to get a solid base in one language before they start learning a new one. 16. Интернет.

За и против We live in the age of information technology and nowadays the Internet is nearly as common as the telephone. No doubt that it is a unique invention, which has influenced all areas of our lives. However, some people consider the Internet one of the greatest evils of our time.

On the one hand, the Internet is very useful, because it lets us access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. In addition, with the Internet, it is now possible to speak to friends and relatives any-where in the world cheaply and quickly. Other services are also available through the Internet such as booking tickets or buying things.

Moreover, the Internet allows a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements and makes it easier to find a job. On the other hand, the Internet can become a disaster for our society, because people spend hours in front of their computers and neglect their everyday duties.

Another worry is the activities of cybercriminals. For example, hackers can steal your money or even your property while cyberterrorists may ‘attack’ the world’s computers, causing chaos, and making planes and trains crash. What is more, leaders of different terrorist or oppositional organizations can use the Internet to find new followers.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that despite the criticisms by some and the fears of others, the Internet seems to have changed our world to the better and we must try to make the best use of it.

Клише для сочинений

Выражения мнения:

  • I agree/ disagree
  • In my opinion, … / From my point of view, … / As far as I am concerned, …
  • I believe that…/ It seems to me that…
  • I am in favour of… / I am against the idea of…
  • According to…
  • Some people say that…
  • It is said/believed that…
  • There is no doubt that…
  • It cannot be denied that…
  • It goes without saying that…
  • We must admit that…

Представление аргументов:

  • The main argument against/in favour is…
  • First of all, I would like to consider…
  • The first thing I would like to consider is…
  • To begin with, …/ To start with, …
  • Despite the fact that…/ In spite of the fact that…
  • On the one hand, … /On the other hand, …
  • Besides,…/ In addition,…
  • What is more, …/ Moreover, …/ More than that, …
  • Finally, …
  • However, … / …, though
  • …although…
  • Nevertheless,…

Логические связки:

  • for this reason
  • therefore/that is why
  • thus sth happened because of/as a result of/owing to/due to/as a consequence of

Примеры:

  • For example
  • For instance
  • Such as
  • Like

Заключение:

  • To sum up, …
  • To conclude, I would argue that…
  • On this basis, I can conclude that…
  • In conclusion, I would like to stress that…
  • All in all, I believe that…

Книги или компьютеры. кто победит в будущем

The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes.

But will they be able to replace printed books? In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information.

Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts. On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen.

In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.

To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.

Компьютерные игры. за и против

People have always had different hobbies but technological progress has caused the appearance of computers and computer games, which can keep a child occupied for hours. However, adults consider computer games a complete waste of time. As for me, I believe computer games are more than mindless entertainment.

To begin with, computer games can teach people to achieve their aims as they regularly put obstacles and traps in the way of players which are necessary to overcome in order to progress through the rest of the game. Additionally, computer games can be a valuable source of accidental learning that can be applied to school, home, and social events.

Moreover, teachers have also started to appreciate educational games as an opportunity to make their lessons more exciting. Nevertheless, quite a few people are against this activity as they find it rather addictive and harmful for children’s health.

They argue that computer games make students neglect their school work. However, if we learn to control our computer use and play games for an hour just to relax after a hard day at school, this will not do us any harm. What is more, modern technology made it possible to eliminate the bad effect of computers on our eyes.

To sum up, I believe that computer games have more advantages than drawbacks. They make us persistent, develop our logical reasoning and help us to escape from everyday problems. The thing is to find a right balance between virtual reality and everyday reality.

Космос. за и против исследований в космосе

Space exploration can mean a major leap for mankind. However, it is often criticized because the price for these space experiments is too high, especially while poverty still exists in many parts of the world. On the one hand, space research is extremely beneficial as it advances technology.

As a result of this work, we have lots of inventions, which have made our lives much more comfortable. In addition, through the exploration of space, we could find new elements, minerals or even discover new laws of physics and eventually learn more about ourselves.

What is more, space exploration will allow us to establish a human civilization on another planet as a hedge against the catastrophe that might occur on the Earth. On the other hand, the benefits of space exploration are not self-evident, no matter how real they are.

It costs billions of dollars to fund the projects of space science whereas this money should rather be spent on meeting the needs of the underprivileged. Besides, some of the technology we develop through space science can be used in a destructive manner if it is in the wrong hands.

To conclude, I want to say that space exploration satisfies the human desire for adventure therefore most people are interested in space research. Nevertheless, I believe our governments should find the right balance between social and space programs.

Рекомендуем:

Критерии выполнения задания:

  • Решение коммуникативной задачи (3 балла);
  • Организация текста (3 балла);
  • Лексика (3 балла);
  • Грамматика (3 балла);
  • Орфография и пунктуация (2 балла).

Отмечу, что многие рекомендации для задания 40 в формате 2021 года ОСТАЮТСЯ В СИЛЕ!

Количество времени, отводимое на выполнение задания: 60-70 минут.

Стиль изложения: НЕЙТРАЛЬНЫЙ.

Еще раз обращаю внимание на то, что в новом формате развернутого письменного высказывания действуют те же требования: использовать в работе соответствующие средства логической связи; лексически, грамматически и орфографически правильно оформлять текст, придерживаясь правильного стиля (в данном случае нейтрального).

Это означает, что в развернутом ответе нельзя использовать:1) риторические вопросы;2) разговорные выражения и конструкции типа Let’s … (Let us и Let me – нейтральный стиль);3) сниженную лексику типа folks (people)…4) стяженные (краткие) формы глаголов (I’m, he’s, don’t, aren’t, can’t, didn’t, I’d like; исключение – needn’t).

В качестве примера возьмем задание 40.1 из демоверсии КИМ ЕГЭ на 2022 год.

Как мы видим, нам нужно написать эссе, проанализировав данные таблицы о том, какие книжные жанры популярны в воображаемой стране Зетланд.

В нашем эссе должно быть ПЯТЬ абзацев.

Давайте напишем вступление. В нем мы укажем важность темы нашей проектной работы, цель, а также кратко опишем, что показывают найденные нами статистические данные. Также мы должны указать аудиторию (teenagers/youngsters), страну Zetland желательно упомянуть в 1-3 абзацах.

The youngsters’ choice of literature has always been the subject of numerous arguments. The aim of our project is to disclose what book genres are popular with teenagers in Zetland, and the found data demonstrate some reading preferences.

Во втором абзаце можно рассмотреть максимальные и минимальные значения, ну или те, которые представляют для нас интерес. Выбираем 2-3 статистических показателя, все пять описывать не требуется, при этом стараемся избежать шаблонности.

Обращаю ваше внимание на то, что так как это письменное высказывание-рассуждение, необходимо использовать слова и выражения, характерные для рассуждений.

Отмечу, что “абзацы также имеют свою структуру: в первом предложении абзаца обычно выражена его основная мысль, которая далее развивается, подкрепляется аргументами, примерами и т.д.” (см. Методические рекомендации, 2021 год). Таким образом, все абзацы нашего эссе должны показывать, что это развернутое письменное высказывание с элементами РАССУЖДЕНИЯ.

Как в старом формате задания 40 достаточно было привести 2 развёрнутых аргумента или 3 более кратких в поддержку своей позиции, так и в новом задании можно более развёрнуто описать 2 факта из статистики или привести 3 факта в более краткой форме, чтобы аспект был полностью раскрыт.

Логика проведения проектной работы с опорой на статистику предполагает, что экзаменуемый будет приводить конкретные цифры, представленные в таблице или в диаграмме. В инструкции ясно сказано: числительные надо писать цифрами, а не словами, т.е. требуется приведение конкретных цифр.

Однако возможно частично описательное представление результатов опроса, например, «half», «third», «nearly a quarter», если оно не искажает приведенные в статистике данные и является эквивалентом числового представления. Тем не менее, цифры обязательно должны присутствовать, также можно их указывать в скобках.

According to the statistics, adventure and detective, war, spy stories are preferred by over 50% of the surveyed, which signifies that books containing action, that is battles, investigations are on the reading list first. Besides, the above-mentioned genres are considered trendy among teenagers.

В третьем абзаце мы сравниваем показатели в таблице, делаем 1-2 значимых сравнения. При этом повторяться со вторым пунктом можно, если это не полное дублирование информации, а дано другое языковое оформление.

The data show significant differences in the choice of book genres among teenagers. Thus, sports stories (49.2%) are almost three times more popular than romance (17.6%), which witnesses that young people find the first type more exciting. Evidently, books about love affairs are read by adults mostly, not by the younger generation.

В четвертом абзаце нам нужно выявить проблему, которая может возникнуть в данной связи – reading и предложить путь ее решения. Проблема может как следовать из статистических данных, так и быть отвлеченной.

Our project has revealed a problem in teenagers’ reading tastes. Young people tend to choose books of entertaining genres, leaving serious literature out of their field of interest. To turn them towards other types of books, some measures should be undertaken.

В заключении делаем вывод о важности чтения для подростков и при этом обязательно указываем свое мнение. должны присутствовать фразы такие фразы, как: I think, in my opinion и др. Если автор прямо не указывает, что мнение принадлежит ему, то такой аспект будет считаться нераскрытым.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasise the importance of reading for teenagers because, in my opinion, it is necessary for the enrichment of their inner world. Moreover, books are an inexhaustible source of knowledge that broadens our horizons.

В нашем эссе получилось 257 слов.

А подготовиться к экзамену вам помогут мои пособия:

Методичка “Устная часть ЕГЭ-2022”

Методичка “Письменная часть ЕГЭ-2022: задания 39 и 40”

Методичка: “Словообразование для ЕГЭ и ОГЭ”

Методичка: “Фразовые глаголы”

Также приглашаю на свой курс:

Удачи на экзамене!

Критерии оценки

Надеемся, после предложенного детального разбора, последнее задание ЕГЭ по английскому языку будет вам не страшно. Остается ознакомиться с тем, как ваше эссе будут оценивать экзаменаторы? За выполнение этого задания учащийся может получить 14 баллов.

  • «3» — решение коммуникативной задачи;
  • «3» — организация текста;
  • «3» — лексика;
  • «3» — грамматика;
  • «2» —орфография и пунктуация.

Критерии оценки ЕГЭ можно найти на сайте ФИПИ. Ниже даем расшифровку того, как эссе будут оцениваться экзаменаторами.

Коммуникативная задача. Четко следуйте заданной теме.

Организация. Эссе должно быть разделено на пять абзацев, которые логично связаны друг с другом вводными конструкциями. организация текста

Лексика. Используйте фразы для сочинения по английскому, которые мы показали выше. Шаблоны, клише и вводные фразы — ваши друзья, зовите их на помощь. Задействуйте синонимы и нейтральную речь.

Грамматика. Употребляйте слова правильно и избегайте любых грамматических ошибок. 

Орфография и пунктуация. Сочинение должно быть читаемым, поэтому пишите как можно понятней. Письмо в стиле «как курица лапой» выйдет в ноль баллов. Общие рекомендации

Критерий №1 — решение коммуникативной задачи

За словами «решение коммуникативной задачи» скрывается содержание и стиль работы. Оценивается, насколько полно вы отразили все указанные в задании пункты и насколько стиль вашей работы соответствует общепринятому стилю написания эссе (нейтрально-формальный). Чем полнее выразили и чем больше соответствует, тем больше баллов вы получите. Максимально можно получить 3 балла.

Существуют легенды, что за «неправильное» мнение могут снизить баллы по первому критерию. Это не так. Баллы снижают не за само мнение, а за неумение его аргументировать. Допустим, если вам дали провокационное утверждение «Школа — это зло» (хотя на ЕГЭ темы обычно весьма нейтральны), вы согласились с утверждением, а потом увидели всего 1 балл за решение коммуникативной задачи, не спешите думать, что это происки защитников школы, которые не могут смириться с вашей точкой зрения. Дело, скорее всего, в том, что в работе нет весомых аргументов. Например, написано: «Я считаю, что школа — это зло, потому что я вообще её ненавижу, и каждый день, проведённый в её стенах — мучительная пытка». Это не аргументы, это эмоции. Если эмоции или примеры есть, а аргументов нет, то один балл из трёх — объективная, заслуженная оценка.

Критерий №1 — самый важный. Если за решение коммуникативной задачи вы получите 0 баллов, то всё задание автоматически оценивается в 0 баллов, независимо от того, насколько хорошим языком оно написано и насколько хорошо организовано.

Структура opinion essay (егэ, c2)

  • 1 абзац — вступление , постановка темы (перефразирование задания обязательно).
  • 2 абзац — свое мнение. 2-3 аргумента в поддержку его с обоснованием.
  • 3 абзац — противоположное мнение. 1-2 аргумента тех кто поддерживает его. Свое мнение в этом абзаце не высказывается.
  • 4 абзац — обоснование почему вы не согласны с этой точкой зрения и ваши аргументы. Желательно опровергать не просто точку зрения в общем, а аргументы тех, чье мнение вы привели в 3-м параграфе.
  • 5 абзац — повторение своей точки зрения (перефразировать).

UPDATE: добавлено видео! UPDATE2: все знания и опыт о C2 — в книге «Секреты эссе».

Особое внимание обратить на то, чтобы ученики не злоупотребляли заученными фразами. Существует в этом году установка на то, что в сочинении не может быть отрывков длиной

более 10 слов

совпадающих с печатными источниками. Если таких совпадений, кажется, точно надо посмотреть в руководстве, 30 процентов, в этом случае ставится 0 баллов. Нам давали проверять работы, так там было почти полностью приведено одно из аудирований из

учебника Opportunities

.

Другие видеоуроки по школьной программе смотрите на InternetUrok.ru

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